Cast iron can be divided into two main types based on the shape and type of graphite contained within it: flake cast iron and spheroidal cast iron. The shape of the graphite within the cast iron casting also determines its mechanical properties.
Flake graphite cast iron, commonly known as grey cast iron, is the most economical material in the field of mechanical engineering.
It is a material that is easy to machine and, thanks to some specific characteristics (vibration damping capacity, high rigidity, resistance to compression, shear, and wear), provides designers with excellent solutions at a low cost.
Spheroidal graphite cast iron is an iron-carbon alloy in which free carbon is present in the form of spherical graphite. This particularity gives spheroidal cast iron high mechanical properties and machinability. An important characteristic of spheroidal cast iron is the ability to transform the matrix through appropriate heat treatments.
Spheroidal cast irons therefore represent a modern construction material that combines the good qualities of cast iron with mechanical properties similar to those of cast steel.
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